パート・アルバイトと時間外労働

今回は、パート・アルバイトの労務管理の柱の一つである時間外労働

について取り上げたいと思います。

　たとえ、パート・アルバイトでも、次の場合には割増賃金の支払いが

必要になります。パート・アルバイトの場合、賃金体系が時給制になっ

ていることが多いかと思われます。したがって、労働時間に応じて賃

金が支払われている感覚は、むしろ正社員に比べて強いと思われま

すので、労働時間に応じて適切に残業代が支払われないと、残業代

をめぐるトラブルに発展しやすいかもしれません。

１．時間外労働

　法定労働時間（原則として1日８時間、1週４０時間）を超えて労

働させた時

２．休日労働

　法定休日（毎週１日または４週につき４日の休日）に労働させた時

３．深夜労働

　深夜（午後１０時から午前５時まで）に労働させた時

　パート・アルバイトの場合、一口に残業といっても、１日８時間を超

えて働く残業もありますが、そうではなく、所定労働時間を超えて８時

間を超えない残業があるかと思います。

　割増賃金を支払わなければならない場合というのは、上記の通り

１日８時間、１週４０時間を超えて労働させた場合ですので、８時間未

満の残業の場合、残業分の時給のみを支払えばよく、割増賃金の支

払いは不要です。パート・アルバイトの割増賃金の計算は、時給制が

多いかと思われますので、時給に下記のケースに応じた割増率を乗

じて、それに残業時間を乗じれば計算できます。しかし、精皆勤手当

やリーダー手当といった手当を月額で支給する場合には、月額の手

当を１年における１ヶ月平均所定労働時間数で除して時間単価を算

出し、これを時給に足したものに割増率と残業時間を乗じます。

　次のような手当が支給されるケースは少ないかと思われますが、

パート・アルバイトに対して次のような手当が支給される場合、これら

の手当は割増賃金の算定基礎から除外することができます。

１．家族手当、２．通勤手当、３．別居手当、４．子女教育手当、

５．住宅手当、６．臨時に支払われた賃金（結婚祝金、見舞金）、

７．１ヶ月を超える期間ごとに支払われる賃金（賞与等）

　割増賃金の算定基礎から除外できる手当は、上記に限られますの

で、逆にいうと、上記手当以外はすべて割増賃金の計算基礎に含め

なければなりません（皆勤手当や役職手当（リーダー手当）も割増賃

金の算定基礎になります）

　上記１～７の手当であったとしても、家族の人数の増減に関係なく

一定金額が支給される家族手当のような場合など、本来、手当が持

つ意味合いと支給実態が異なるような場合は、家族手当、通勤手当、

住宅手当等の名称であたったとしても、割増賃金の算定基礎の対象

となる場合があります。

　最後にもう一つ、パート・アルバイトの時間外労働の取り扱いに関し

て、兼業の場合の取り扱いについて認識しておく必要があります。

　１日に２社以上の会社で労働した場合の時間外労働の考え方です

が、これは、それぞれの事業所の労働時間を通算しなければなりませ

ん。そして、法定労働時間を超えた場合は、法定時間外労働をさせる

状態を作り出した会社が割増賃金を支払う義務を負うとされています。

　例えば、通常、Ａ社で所定労働時間４時間（午前）、Ｂ社で所定労働

時間４時間（午後）の場合において、Ａ社で４時間勤務後、Ｂ社で６時間

勤務した場合は、Ｂ社の都合で時間外労働をさせたため、Ｂ社で割増

賃金を支払わなければなりません。同様のケースで、Ａ社で６時間勤務

後、Ｂ社で通常の所定労働時間４時間勤務した場合においては、Ａ社の

都合でＢ社での時間外労働が発生したため、Ａ社が割増賃金を支払わ

なければなりません。

　このような取り扱いに関して、パート・アルバイトが兼業しているかどう

かについてや、他の会社での労働時間について把握しておくというのは

非常に困難であり、実務上、忠実にこのような取り扱いを行うというのは

非常に困難ですが、グループ企業間で労働した場合や、同一企業内の

複数の店舗や支店等で労働したような場合においては、把握もしやすい

はずですので、適切に労働時間を把握し、１日８時間、１週４０時間を超

えた場合には、超えた分の割増賃金を適切に支払うことが望まれます。

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